Fizik tedavi “onarma” anlamına gelmektedir. Egzersizler yoluyla kas iskelet sistemi ve sinir sisteminin fonksiyonel yetersizliklerinin giderilmesi ve tedavi edilmesidir.
Rehabilitasyonun kelime anlamı ise kaybedilen fonksiyonların yeniden kazandırılmasıdır. Kişinin doğuştan veya sonradan herhangi bir nedenle ortaya çıkan kalıcı veya geçici yetersizliklerinin belirlenmesi ve tedavi edilmesi sürecidir.
Fizik tedavi ve rehabilitasyonun amacı çocukların, anatomik, fizyolojik ve çevresel kısıtlılıklarını en aza indirmek, fonksiyonel ve psikolojik bağımsızlıklarını maksimum seviyeye çıkararak yaşam kalitelerini arttırmaktır.
Fizik Tedavi, serebral palsi, Down Sendromu, kas hastalıkları, brakial lexus yaralanmaları, skolyoz, tortikolis, otizm, mental retardasyon, metabolik hastalıklar, genetik hastalıklar, travma sonrası ortaya çıkan bedensel yetersizliklerin, nöral tüp defektleri (spina bifida) gibi hastalıkların başlıca tedavisidir.
Tedavide vücudu araç olarak kullanıp egzersizlerle beyni yeniden yapılandırmak ana prensiptir. Tedaviler her çocuğa özel olarak planlanmalıdır. Çocuklar, annenin gebelik süreci, doğum şekli, doğum sırasında yaşanan zorluklar, bebeğin doğum tartısı, baş çevresi, ailedeki genetik hastalıklar, yaşına göre tuvalet kontrolü ve beslenme alışkanlıkları, kullandığı ilaçlar ve eşlik eden hastalıkları açısından ayrıntılı değerlendirilmeli ve tedavi planlanırken bu değerlendirmeler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.
Tedavide nörogelişimsel tedavi yaklaşımları (bobath terapisi), duyu bütünleme terapisi, orthez planlanması, denge ve koordinasyon çalışmaları ve aile eğitimi kompanentleri bulunmaktadır.
Rehabilitasyonda başarı için multidisipliner yaklaşım şarttır. Ekipte doktor, fizyoterapist, psikolog, özel eğitim öğretmeni, konuşma terapisti ve aile işbirliği içinde ve iletişim halinde olmalıdır.
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